2005年02月24日
●尖閣諸島問題について、、、
評論・日本政府による釣魚島灯台「接収管理」
昨日のこの記事、、、単純に疑問に感じたので記録しておきたいと思います。
中国は14世紀に最も早くこの島々を発見し、最も早く命名したことで、いち早くその主権を得て実効支配した。
なぜなら1895年に釣魚島は中国の実効支配化にあり、島が「無人島」であることが必ずしも「主のいない土地」とは限らない。
「実効支配化」って何？
双方の国が自国の領土だと主張している土地は、どちらが実効支配していたかしているかによって所属が決まるはずです。
現代においても、
竹島に関しては、日韓両国とも自国の領土だとしていましたが、韓国は突然軍隊を駐留させ実効支配することで、韓国領になっています。
南沙諸島に関しては、複数の国が領土としており中越両国に関しては、それぞれ各島々に軍隊を駐留させ飛行場などを建設し、実効支配の既成事実をつくることで、にらみ合いが続いています。
この孫伶伶博士が言う実効支配という状況は歴史上のどの記録のことを言うのでしょうか？地図に自国領と記載していたというだけでは説得力が足りません。もっと丁寧に中国が実効支配していた事実を明らかに示してほしいです。また孫伶伶博士が言うには日清戦争に乗じた閣議決定によって（初めて）占領したとしていますが、、、。それだけを聞くと、日本は弱体化した中国から掠め取ったと感じ、確かに中国側の言い分がただしいように感じます。
確かにその面は否めません。しかし日本は、日清戦争以前に古賀という人が島でアホウ鳥の乱獲を始めている記録が残っています。その既成事実を踏まえ、日清戦争中に自国領であることを閣議決定しています。
1880年代当時、すでに日本人による実効支配がされていて、清国の影響下にあるのか10年ほどの期間をおいてから閣議決定し、慎重に自国領とする手続きを経ていました。それ以後、中国は実効支配したという事実がないことと、戦後にいたるまで日本の実効支配に反対していた記録がないため、日本領であるのは仕方ないのではないでしょうか。
もう少し中国人研究者は、自国領であることの根拠（実効支配の記録）を示して欲しいです。
今回日本政府に灯台の保守管理権が移行された背景には、ここ数年の中国人による魚釣島への干渉や東シナ海ガス田開発の活動の活発化の影響があると思います。2,3年前まで中国との摩擦をできるだけさけるため、魚釣島にしても東シナ海にしても、日本政府は行動を起こすことを避け、日本のメディアも中国に配慮をし続けていました。しかし、中国側から行動が起こされたことによって、インターネットの普及もあり日本のメディアが隠しきれず、日本の世論が高まり、日本政府が動かざるを得なくなったのでしょう。
本当に二国間の関係を良くしたいのならば、中国人も日本人も冷静に自国政府の行動を批判的に見るべきだと思いますが、、、。ひとつひとつの事象に一喜一憂せずに、自ずと小泉首相や胡主席の裏に隠された戦略が見えてくると思います。
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